Diseño de ingeniería en el cierre de pasivos ambientales mineros para la recuperación de los ecosistemas de una micro cuenca hidrográfica del Rímac

Abstract

En el Distrito de Huampar, Provincia de Huarochirí de la región Lima. La presencia de Pasivos Ambientales Mineros viene perturbando el equilibrio ambiental. En base a ello, se desarrolla el presente trabajo de investigación. Con un análisis situacional multidisciplinario se desarrolló la investigación recolectando los datos específicos de los cambios y efectos negativos ambientales dentro del ecosistema de la microcuenca hidrográfica. Con los estudios realizados (topografía, hidrología, hidrogeología, balance ABA) y los datos obtenidos; se identificaron los problemas, procediendo a plantear alternativas de solución que serán medidas de estabilización física (diseños de ingeniería aplicada de reperfilado, coberturado y enmurallado), diseño de estabilización geoquímica (coberturado de pasivos ambientales), medidas para la estabilidad hidrológica (sistema de canales y el uso de tapones herméticos) y opciones para preservar la salud humana (aislamiento de pasivos ambientales mineros y recuperación de la calidad ambiental mediante obras de rehabilitación y vegetación.

In this project, the research and design of a closure plan for mining environmental liabilities was developed in order to recover the ecosystem of a micro watershed located within the Rimac River, in the District of Huampar, Province of Huarochiri located in the Lima region. The problem lies in the pollution of the ecosystem generating negative impacts on the environment, a situation that must be treated with great urgency, for which the present investigation was developed that proposes sustainable remediation alternatives and legally accepted in the current regulations according to the time of the realization of the same. Through the situational analysis that will be seen in the development of the research, we collected specific data on the changes and negative environmental effects within the ecosystem of the micro watershed, being these: displacement or tailings of environmental liabilities, water erosion, geochemical destabilization and hydrological contamination. Also, with the data obtained and the problems identified, we were going to provide ways or alternatives of solution that will be measures of: physical stabilization (applied engineering designs of reprofiling, covering and enclosing), geochemical stabilization design (covering of environmental liabilities), measures for hydrological stability (closure plan in a system of channels and the use of hermeneutic plugs) and measures for the preservation of human health (isolation of mining environmental liabilities and recovery of environmental quality through rehabilitation works and vegetation.